From marijuana to catnip, there are hundreds of remarkably common herbs,  flowers, berries and plants that serve all kinds of important medicinal  and health purposes that might surprise you: anti-inflammatory,  anti-fungal, insect repellent, antiseptic, expectorant, antibacterial,  detoxification, fever reduction, antihistamine and pain relief. Here are  eighteen potent medical plants you’re likely to find in the wild – or  even someone’s backyard – that can help with minor injuries, scrapes,  bites and pains.* 
 
Marijuana
 

 
 
Seriously.  Though marijuana is still illegal in the United States, it is legal in  12 states for medicinal purposes, and if a case of poison ivy in the  woods isn’t a medicinal purpose, what is? Marijuana was *mostly* legal  until 1970 when it became classified as a hard drug. No one thought of  it as a dangerous or illicit drug until the 20th century; in fact, hemp  was George Washington’s primary crop and Thomas Jefferson’s secondary  crop. The Declaration of Independence is written on it; the Gutenberg  Bible was printed on hemp, too. There’s actually an environmental  dimension to legalizing marijuana – hemp is a remarkable and renewable  plant, offering all kinds of foodstuff and product uses that surpass  cotton and plastic. But health benefits are well documented, from  depression and anxiety relief to reduced blood pressure, pain  alleviation and glaucoma treatment. It is not addictive, does not kill  brain cells and is not a “gateway” drug – in fact, when pot is more  available, studies show that the use of hard drugs like heroin and  cocaine actually decreases. The bottom line for hikers: when your leg is  broken from a misjudged boulder hopping attempt (pain) and a bear has  eaten your friend (depression) and you’re lost because you forgot the  compass (dumbass), consult the cannabis.
 
Lady Ferns
 
 
Image via US Forest Service
 
If  you grew up in the Pacific Northwest you likely know what ferns are  good for: treating stinging nettles. One of the world’s oldest plants,  there are many varieties of ferns, but if you’re lucky enough to spy the  soft, delicate lady fern, grab some and roll it up between your palms  into a rough mash. The juices released will quickly ease stinging nettle  burns and can also ease minor cuts, stings and burns (fresh salt water  also works in a pinch for bee stings). Bracken fern are similar to lady  fern and will work, as well. The rougher, glossier, stiff sword fern and  deer fern won’t be as effective, though. (Learn about types of ferns.)  Lady ferns actually grow all over North America but are common in areas  with high rainfall.
 
California Poppy
 
 
Images via Netstate and Mountain Meadow Seeds
 
The  brilliant blooms of the poppy make this opioid plant an iconic one. The  plant is an effective nervine (anxiety reliever) and is safe for use on  agitated children. Can be made into a a tea for quick relief of  nervousness and tension. A stronger decoction will offer pain relief. (A  decoction is made by “stewing” all safe plant parts, including stems  and roots if possible, in water for several hours and, ideally, soaking  overnight.)
 
Blood Flower
 
 
Image via Mistifarang
 
The  blood flower (also Mexican butterfly weed) is a type of tropical  milkweed with toxic milky sap that is emetic (it makes you hurl). It’s  also historically favored as a heart stimulant and worm expellent.  Pretty useful for a number of potential hiking disasters, if you think  about it. (Of course, if you’d quit eating those poisonous berries you  probably wouldn’t need to worry about finding a natural expectorant.)
 
Tansy
 
 
Image via Earth Heart Farm
 
If  you’ve decided to backpack through Europe instead of the mountains of  Mexico (but why?), you’ll want to know about a few helpful medicinal  plants. Tansy is an old-world aster and remedy, used for flavoring beer  and stews as well as repelling insects. Rubbing the leaves on the skin  provides an effective bug repellent, but tansy can also be used to treat  worms. It is said to be poisonous when extracted, but a few leaves are  not harmful if ingested.
 
Korean Mint (hyssop)
 
 
Image via Herb Gully
 
Who  doesn’t want to be minty fresh? Most of the various types of “mint” or  mentha – spearmint, Korean mint, applemint, regular old mint – offer  reported health benefits and medicinal properties. (Avoid pennyroyal, as  it’s poisonous.) Mint is famous for soothing headaches, fighting  nausea, calming the stomach and reducing nervousness and fatigue. Korean  mint, also called Indian mint and hyssop, is a fairly effective  antiviral, making it useful for fighting colds and the flu. Whatever  continent you’re on, some type of mint is usually to be found. Eat  whole, garnish food or make tea to get the all purpose health benefits.
 
Alfalfa
 
 
Image via In Advance
 
Alfalfa  is fodder for livestock for a reason: it’s incredibly rich in minerals  and health-promoting nutrients and compounds. With roots that grow 20 to  30 feet deep, alfalfa is considered the “father of all plants”. (It  also contains a high amount of protein for a green.) Alfalfa originally  grew in the Mediterranean and Middle East but has now spread to most of  Europe and the Americans. It can treat morning sickness, nausea, kidney  stones, kidney pain and urinary discomfort. It is a powerful diuretic  and has a bit of stimulant power, helping to energize after a bout with  illness. It’s a liver and bowel cleanser and long-term can help reduce  cholesterol. You can purchase seeds and sprouts, but it’s fine to eat  the leaves straight from the earth.
 
Catnip
 
 
Images via UCC
 
The  cannabis of the cat kingdom. Famous for making cats deliriously crazy,  catnip has health properties that are great for humans, too. Catnip can  relieve cold symptoms (helpful if you’re on a camping trip and don’t  have access to Nyquil). It’s useful in breaking a fever as it promotes  sweating. Catnip also helps stop excessive bleeding and swelling when  applied rather than ingested. This mint plant (yep, another one) is also  reportedly helpful in treating gas, stomach aches, and migraines.  Catnip can stimulate uterine contractions, so it should not be consumed  by pregnant women. It grows in the Northern Hemisphere.
 
Sage
 
 
Image via Palestine Shop
 
Sage  is an incredibly useful herb, widely considered to be perhaps the most  valuable herb. It is anti-flammatory, anti-oxidant, and antifungal. In  fact, according to the noted resource 
World’s Healthiest Foods, “Its reputation as a panacea is even represented in its scientific name, 
Salvia officinalis, derived from the Latin word, 
salvere,  which means ‘to be saved’.” It was used as a preservative for meat  before the advent of refrigeration (eminently useful: you never know  when you’ll be forced to hunt in the wild). Sage aids digestion,  relieves cramps, reduces diarrhea, dries up phlegm, fights colds,  reduces inflammation and swelling, acts as a salve for cuts and burns,  and kills bacteria. Sage apparently even brings 
color back to gray hair. A definite concern when lost in the woods.
 
Blackberries
 
 
Image via Old Ice Works
 
Did  you know blackberries have useful healing properties? Of course they’re  loaded in antioxidants and vitamins, but the leaves and roots have  value, too. Native Americans have long used the stems and leaves for  healing, while enjoying the young shoots peeled as a vegetable of sorts  and the berries, either raw or in jams. The leaves and root can be used  as an effective treatment against dysentery and diarrhea as well as  serving usefulness as an anti-inflammatory and astringent. Ideal for  treating cuts and inflammation in the mouth.
 
Wild Quinine
 
 
Image via Stone Silo Prairie Gardens
 
According  to Alternative Nature Online, wild quinine is a potent herb that “is  used as an antiperiodic, emmenagogue, kidney, lithontripic, poultice. It  has traditionally been used in alternative medicine to treat debility,  fatigue, respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infection, and venereal  disease.” Whatever the ailment, quinine is famously helpful in treating  it. Only the root and flowers are edible; avoid the plant.
 
Navajo Tea 
 
 
Image via Birds ‘n Garden
 
Also  called greenthread, Plains Tea or Coyote Plant, this plant has been  used for centuries by Native Americans to quickly relieve that most  brutal and irritating of infections: the UTI (urinary tract infection).  Best when made into a tea or decoction.
 
Red Clover
 
 
Image via Foxy Island
 
Native  to Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia, red clover is now  ubiquitous worldwide. The plant’s reddish pink blossoms can be used for  coughs and colds, but they are an excellent detoxifier and blood  cleanser as well.
 
Sweet Marjoram
 
 
Images via Tasteful Garden and Veseys
 
Marjoram  and oregano are often used interchangeably, but the aromatic sweet  marjoram is slightly different. The Greeks called it the “Joy of the  Mountain” and it was revered throughout the Mediterranean for its  fragrance, flavor and medicinal value. The famous French herbs de  provence and Middle Eastern za’atar both use sweet marjoram. Marjoram  has many uses (it’s a famous digestive aid) but it is effective as an  antifungal, antibacterial and disinfectant treatment in a pinch.
 
Burdock Herb
 
 
Images via Norman Allen and Ontario Wildflowers
 
Burdock,  or cocklebur, is a prickly, thistle-like plant that grows commonly in  many parts of the world. It can get fairly big and its leaves resemble  the elephant ear plant. Though the burs often get caught in pets’ and  livestock’s fur, don’t think of it only as an annoying plant. It is a  highly effective treatment against poison ivy and poison oak (claims  that it cures cancer are slightly *less* substantiated).
 
Feverfew
 
 
Image via Earth Heart Farm
 
Feverfew  is a plant that has well-known and documented health properties and  medicinal benefits. This anti-inflammatory can treat rheumatism,  arthritis and, most famously, migraine headaches and tension headaches.  It’s also good for alleviating tension and general anxiety (it is a  natural serotonin inhibitor). It also helps to reduce swelling and  bruising. Though feverfew is most effective when taken daily, it can be a  helpful pain reliever when no Advil is on hand.
 
Sweet Violet
 
 
Image via Firefly Forest
 
Native  to Europe and Asia, sweet violet is cultivated around the world and is a  pleasant, delicate purple color. When brewed into a syrup the plant is  effective as a treatment for colds, flu and coughs or sore throat.  However, when made as a tea, it is wonderfully effective for relieving  headaches and muscle and body pain.
 
Winter Savory
 
 
Image via CGNA
 
Winter  savory is your savior against insect bites and stings. One of the most  effective natural plant treatments for bug bites is originally from  Europe and the Mediterranean but often shows up elsewhere thanks to  global trade. In addition to being an antiseptic, it is delicious – used  for flavoring meats and stews – and all parts are edible.